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SANGKURIANG THE LEGEND OF MOUNT TANGKUBAN PERAHU

SANGKURIANG THE LEGEND OF MOUNT TANGKUBAN PERAHU


Sangkuriang is a legend among Sundanese people, Indonesia. The legend tells about the creation of lake Bandung, Mount Tangkuban Parahu, Mount Burangrang and Mount Bukit Tunggul.
From the legend, we can determine how long the Sundanese have been living in Java island. From the legend supported by geological fact, it is predicted that the Sundanese have been living in Java island since thousand years BC.
The legend of Sangkuriang was almost certainly a story of oral tradition before being written down. The first written reference to Sangkuriang legend appeared in the Bujangga Manik manuscript written on palm leaves at the end of the 15th century or the early 16th century AD. Prince Jaya Pakuan, alias Prince Bujangga Manik or prince Ameng Layaran, visited all of the sacred Hindu sites in Java island and Bali island at the end of the 15th century AD. Using palm leaves, he described his travels in archaic Sundanese. His palm manuscript was taken to England by an Englishmen and put at the Bodleian library, Oxford, in 1627.

After a long journey, Bujangga Manik arrived in the current Bandung city area. He is the first eyewitness reported the area. Here is his report:
Leumpang aing ka baratkeun (I walked forward to the west)
datang ka Bukit Patenggeng (arriving at Mount Patenggeng)
Sakakala Sang Kuriang (where the legend of Sang Kuriang is)
Masa dek nyitu Ci tarum (in which he would dam Citarum river)
Burung tembey kasiangan (he failed because a new day came)
According to the legend, Sangkuriang had been separated from his mother, Dayang Sumbi, as a child. Yet he was destined to meet his mother again. On his way home, he stopped at a small village and met and felt in love with a beautiful girl. He didn’t realise that the village was his homeland and the beautiful girl was his own mother. They fell in love and made plans to marry.
Sangkuriang and his dog named Si Tumang
One day before the planned wedding, Dayang Sumbi saw and recognized a scar on Sangkuriang’s head. She suddenly realized that she had fallen in love with her own son who had left her twenty years previously. She was horrified and realized she could not marry her own son. She revealed the whole truth to Sangkuriang and asked him to call off the wedding. But Sangkuriang didn’t believe her and insisted on going through with the wedding. Dayang Sumbi then told Sangkuriang that she would only marry him if he could build her a great lake by filling the whole valley with water. She said he must also build a boat for them to sail in, and both of these tasks must be completed in one night. Sangkuriang accepted the challenge. With the help of some guriangs (heavenly spirits / god in ancient Sundanese belief), he dammed the Citarum river with landslides. The river’s water rose and filled the plain, transforming it into a lake. Then Sangkuriang cut down a massive tree to make a boat.

 









Dayang Sumbi
When dawn was about to break, the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi realized that Sangkuriang would fulfill the conditions she had required of him. So she prayed to God to help her prevent the disgrace of a marriage between a mother and her son. With a wave of her magic shawl, Dayang Sumbi lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. Deceived by what looked like dawn, cocks crowed and farmers rose for a new day.
Sangkuriang thought that he had failed. In his anger, he kicked the boat that he had built and it fell, turning upside down, transformed into Mount Tangkuban Parahu (in Sundanese, “tangkuban” means “upturned” or “upside down”, and “parahu” means “boat.”) The wood left over from the boat became Mt. Burangrang and the rest of the huge tree became Mount Bukit Tunggul. The lake became Lake Bandung (lit. “dam.”)
Mount Tangkuban Parahu: Sangkuriang Legend
Centuries later, the inhabitants of Bandung city knew from traditional lore of the existence of a former Lake Bandung and the creation of Mount Tangkuban Parahu. Without a knowledge of geology, but living under the taboos of spirits, ghosts and gods, geologic facts were woven together into a tale which was understandable according to their beliefs.
Relevance with geological fact
The story is relevance with the creation of Bandung basin and Mount Tangkuban Parahu.
Recent geological investigations indicate that the oldest lake deposits has been radiometrically dated as old as 125 thousand years. The lake ceased to exist at 16000 Before present (BP).
There had been two Plinian type of eruptions of ancient Mount Sunda dated respectively at 105000 and 55000-50000 BP. The second plinian eruption has caused ancient Gunung Sunda’s caldera to collapse and create mount Tangkuban Parahu, Mount Burangrang (Mount Sunda), and Mount Bukit Tunggul.
It is more likely that the ancient Sundanese have lived in the Bandung area long before 16,000 years BP and witnessed the second Plinian eruption which wiped out settlements west of the Cikapundung river (north and northwest of Bandung) during the 55000-50000 eruption period when Mount Tangkuban Parahu was created from the remnants of ancient Mount Sunda. This era was the era of homo sapiens; they have been identified in South Australia as old as 62000 BP, while on Java the Wajak man has been dated about 50000 BP.

Ancient lake of Bandung
Sundanese philosophy of Sangkuriang
The legend of Sangkuriang contains a philosophy enlightening (Sungging Perbangkara or sun) for anyone (plant Cariang) who is still doubt of his existence and wants to search his humanity identity / spirit (Wayungyang). The result of this search will bear enlightened consciousness (nurani) as real truth (Dayang Sumbi, Rarasati). But if the search was not accompanied by carefulness and awareness (toropong or binocular), then he will be mastered by continuing anxiety (mastered by Tumang) which will bear egos, that is, the soul which has not been enlightened (Sangkuriang). When the conscience annoyed again by the anxiety (Dayang Sumbi ate the heart of the Tumang) then the real awareness will lose. The compunction of the conscience is wreaked by beating arrogance of Ego Ratio (the head of Sangkuriang is beaten). The arrogance also force the Ego Ratio to leave the conscience. And the arrogance of the Ego Ratio which despairingly seeks for science (intellectual intelligence) during its adventure in the world (eastward). At the end, the Ego Ratio returns westward consciously or unconscious seek for the conscience (the meeting of Sangkuriang and Dayang Sumbi).


Or else storys :
In the days of yore, in Tatar Parahyangan, established an empire that Masyur.
There was a king who likes to sport hunting of animals, which always accompanied by a faithful dog, named "Tumang".
           
                                                                     
At one point the King hunting deer, but had a day the results are less encouraging. Animals hunted in the forests disappeared as if swallowed by the earth. Amid the disappointment did not get a prey animal, the King startled to turn a dog loyal "Tumang" who finds a baby girl lying among the grass hedge. What a joy the King, when the discovery of a baby girl who was flawless in image, considering that the King has long craved a daughter, but has not been blessed with children. The baby girl was named Princess Dayang sumbi.


Once daughter Dayngsumbi pretty handsome as an adult spoken for a man, who later endowed a boy named Sangkuriang which also will have a penchant for hunting as well as the King. But unfortunately my husband did not live long Dayang sumbi.
One time, a very young Sangkuriang young, entered the hunt accompanied the King's pet dog who is also his mother's favorite, namely Tumang. But the day is not good cause does not obtain the results of the hunting game. Because Sangkuriang has promised to dedicate deer liver to his mother, while deer hunting does not gotten, then kill the Tumang Sangkuriang risked his mother's favorite dog and also the King to take his heart, which was dedicated to his mother.




When Dayangsumbi eventually learned that reindeer liver presented no other is his son's heart "the Tumang" her beloved dog, then became angry Dayangsumbi.Encouraged by anger, accidentally, he beat his son's head with a scoop of rice that is being held, to cause wounds that scar. Sangkuriang effort to encouraging mothers feel in vain, and felt his actions were innocent. He thought no deer liver, dog liver also be, by not thinking about the loyalty Tumang who has devoted his life to serve the employer. Sangkuriang had run away leaving the kingdom, then disappeared without a word. 
After the incident Dayangsumbi feel very sorry, every day he always prayed and pleaded with Hyang Tunggal, so he can be reunited with his son. Later this petition Fulfilled, and the generosity of the Hyang Tunggal step that the Dayangsumbi gifted youth. Syahdan Sangkuriang that continues to wander, he grew into a burly young man, very powerful especially after he had conquered the demon that magic again, that Guriang Seven.
In a time travels, Sangkuriang without realizing he returned to the kingdom where it originated. And he brings alive the story line with a daughter who was flawless in a charming beautiful nan, who is the daughter Dayangsumbi no other. Sangkuriang fell in love with the daughter, so too will be fascinated Dayangsumbi Sangkuriang gallantry and good looks, then both are intertwined relationship. Sangkuriang or Dayangsumbi time did not know that in fact both the mother and child. Sangkuriang Dayangsumbi eventually apply to become his wife spoken. Yet again the story line alive again opened the curtain closed, Dayangsumbi know that it is Sangkuriang young son, when he saw the scar Sangkuriang pat on the head, when he corrected her future husband's headband. 
After feeling confident Sangkuriang bring his son, Dayangsumbi trying to thwart the marriage with his son. To marry her, Dayangsumbi proposed two conditions to be met by the deadline Sangkuriang before dawn. The first condition, Sangkuriang should be able to make a big boat. The second condition, Sangkuriang should be able to create a lake to be used sailing boat. Sangkuriang undertakes these requirements, he worked overtime assisted by stealth wadiabalad Guriang Seven leaders to realize the request. Large wooden timber for boat and stem the Citarum river, he got from the forest on a mountain which, according to legend later given the name Mount Hill Tunggul. The twigs and leaves from trees that used the wood, he collected on a hill called Mount Burangrang. 
Meanwhile Dayangsumbi-Hyang Tunggal was begging her to help him, frustrate the purpose Sangkuriang to marry him. Sang Hyang Tunggal Dayangsumbi granted the request, before the job is complete Sangkuriang, ayamp crowing and dawn ... ....Sangkuriang anger, knowing he failed to qualify, he kicked the boat that is being made. The boat eventually fell facedown, and according to legend will be Tangkuban Mt, while the flow of Citarum River is dammed to form lakes gradually Bandung.


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